Samburu National Reserve is home to a unique set of animals known as the Samburu Special Five—a group of rare and endemic species found primarily in northern Kenya’s dry, semi-arid landscapes. Unlike the Big Five, which are famous across Africa, the Samburu Special Five are exclusive to this region, making a safari in Samburu a truly unique experience for wildlife enthusiasts.
The Samburu Special Five includes:
- Grevy’s Zebra (Equus grevyi)
- Reticulated Giraffe (Giraffa reticulata)
- Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa beisa)
- Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri)
- Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes)
This guide provides in-depth details on each species, their characteristics, conservation status, and where to find them in Samburu National Reserve.
1. Grevy’s Zebra (Equus grevyi) – The Endangered Striped Icon
Key Features
Larger and taller than the common plains zebra. Has narrow, closely spaced black-and-white stripes that do not extend to the belly. Larger, round ears compared to other zebra species. More solitary than plains zebras—often seen in smaller groups.
Habitat & Behavior
Found near rivers, dry grasslands, and acacia woodlands. They rely on permanent water sources like the Ewaso Ng’iro River. Unlike plains zebras, they can survive longer without water.
Conservation Status & Threats
Endangered – Only about 3,000 individuals remain worldwide. Threats: Habitat loss, competition with livestock, and poaching. Conservation efforts in Kenya and Ethiopia are helping protect them.
Best Place to See Them in Samburu: Along the riverbanks and open plains early in the morning.
2. Reticulated Giraffe (Giraffa reticulata) – The Most Beautiful Giraffe
Key Features
Has a striking coat pattern of large, polygonal patches with white lines. Darker and more defined markings than the Masai giraffe. Taller than most giraffes, reaching up to 5.7 meters (18 feet).
Habitat & Behavior
Found in dry savannas, acacia woodlands, and riverine forests. Feed primarily on acacia leaves using their long, prehensile tongues. Often seen in small herds, particularly near the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
Conservation Status & Threats
Endangered – Less than 16,000 remain in the wild. Major threats include habitat fragmentation, human-wildlife conflict, and illegal hunting.
Best Place to See Them in Samburu: Near acacia woodlands and riverbanks, especially during early morning and evening game drives.
3. Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) – The Desert Antelope
Key Features
Large antelope with straight, spear-like horns (both males and females). Grayish-brown coat with distinctive black-and-white facial markings. White underbelly and black stripe along its flanks.
Habitat & Behavior
Prefers semi-arid grasslands and open plains. Can survive long periods without drinking water, obtaining moisture from plants. Live in small herds of 5-20 individuals led by a dominant male.
Conservation Status & Threats
Near Threatened – Populations declining due to poaching and habitat encroachment. Conservancies in Samburu help protect them by creating safe wildlife corridors.
Best Place to See Them in Samburu: Open plains and dry scrublands far from dense vegetation.
4. Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) – The Long-Necked Antelope
Key Features
Known for its long neck and slender legs, giving it a unique appearance. Can stand on its hind legs to reach higher leaves, unlike any other antelope. Small head with large eyes and ears, making it highly alert.
Habitat & Behavior
Prefers dry thornbush, scrublands, and acacia forests. Feeds exclusively on leaves and flowers, never needing to drink water. Often seen alone or in small groups rather than large herds.
Conservation Status & Threats
Near Threatened – Populations declining due to hunting and habitat destruction. Protected in Northern Kenya’s conservancies to ensure their survival.
Best Place to See Them in Samburu: Acacia forests and scrublands, especially in the Buffalo Springs area.
5. Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) – The Blue-Necked Giant
Key Features
Larger than the common ostrich, with bright blue neck and legs (males). Males have black-and-white feathers, while females are grayish-brown. Cannot fly but is the fastest-running bird (can reach 70 km/h or 43 mph).
Habitat & Behavior
Found in open grasslands, dry plains, and semi-desert areas. Mainly herbivorous but occasionally eats insects. Often seen alone or in small groups, sometimes near zebra or antelope herds.
Conservation Status & Threats
Vulnerable – Threatened by hunting for meat and feathers. Protected within Kenyan reserves and conservancies.
Best Place to See Them in Samburu: Open grasslands and plains where they can run freely.
Why the Samburu Special Five Matter
These species are rare and found only in specific parts of East Africa, making them a must-see for safari lovers. Their survival depends on conservation efforts in Northern Kenya. Unique adaptations make them fascinating to observe—such as the gerenuk’s ability to stand upright or the oryx’s heat resistance.
Where to See the Samburu Special Five in Samburu National Reserve
Best Locations for Spotting Them: Ewaso Ng’iro River – Grevy’s zebra, giraffes, elephants, and crocodiles. Acacia woodlands – Reticulated giraffes and gerenuks. Dry scrublands & open plains – Beisa oryx and Somali ostrich. Buffalo Springs & Shaba Reserves – Great for spotting all five species.
Samburu Big Five vs. Samburu Special Five: A Comprehensive Guide
Samburu National Reserve is home to both the Big Five and the Samburu Special Five, making it a unique safari destination in Kenya. While the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo, and rhino) are known for their historical significance in hunting, the Samburu Special Five (Grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe, beisa oryx, gerenuk, and Somali ostrich) are a rare and endemic set of species found primarily in the arid landscapes of northern Kenya.
This guide provides a detailed comparison of the two groups, highlighting their differences, conservation status, and where to find them in Samburu National Reserve.
1. What Are the Samburu Big Five?
The Big Five were originally named by hunters as the most difficult and dangerous animals to hunt on foot. Today, they are among the most sought-after species by wildlife enthusiasts and photographers.
Lion (Panthera leo) – The apex predator of Samburu, often found resting in shade or hunting at night. Leopard (Panthera pardus) – Elusive and secretive, commonly found near riverine forests and rocky outcrops. African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) – Samburu is home to large elephant herds, frequently seen near the Ewaso Ng’iro River. Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) – Can be aggressive and is often found grazing in open plains and near water sources. Black Rhino (Diceros bicornis) – Rare in Samburu but can be seen in nearby private conservancies like Sera Conservancy.
Where to See the Big Five in Samburu? Elephants and buffaloes – Common along the Ewaso Ng’iro River and open grasslands. Lions and leopards – Best spotted in wooded areas and rocky terrain. Rhinos – Rare in Samburu, but found in neighboring conservancies such as Lewa and Sera Rhino Sanctuary.
2. What Are the Samburu Special Five?
Unlike the Big Five, the Samburu Special Five are unique to northern Kenya and are adapted to semi-arid conditions. These species are not found in Masai Mara, Amboseli, or Serengeti, making Samburu a must-visit destination for seeing them.
Grevy’s Zebra (Equus grevyi) – The rarest zebra species, distinguished by its thin stripes and large ears. Reticulated Giraffe (Giraffa reticulata) – Known for its beautiful, geometric coat pattern. Beisa Oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) – A desert antelope with long, straight horns and an efficient water-conserving system. Gerenuk (Litocranius walleri) – The “giraffe antelope” that stands on hind legs to browse on high leaves. Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) – A distinct ostrich species with bright blue neck and legs (males).
Where to See the Samburu Special Five? Grevy’s zebra & beisa oryx – Found in open plains and near water sources. Reticulated giraffe & gerenuk – Often seen feeding on acacia trees in woodland areas. Somali ostrich – Prefers dry savannah and open plains.
3. Key Differences: Samburu Big Five vs. Special Five
| Comparison Factor | Samburu Big Five | Samburu Special Five |
|---|---|---|
| Origin of Name | Named by hunters as the most dangerous animals to hunt. | Named based on rarity and exclusive presence in Samburu. |
| Conservation Status | Some are endangered (rhinos), while others are stable. | Several are endangered or near-threatened (Grevy’s zebra, reticulated giraffe). |
| Global Presence | Found across Africa, including Masai Mara, Serengeti, Kruger. | Found only in northern Kenya and parts of Ethiopia. |
| Ecosystem Adaptation | Thrive in varied habitats including forests, grasslands, and wetlands. | Highly adapted to dry, arid environments. |
| Rarity | More commonly seen in other parks like Masai Mara. | Unique to Samburu, offering an exclusive wildlife experience. |
| Photographic Appeal | Big, powerful animals with dramatic encounters. | Elegant, striking species with distinctive features. |
4. Which Should You Prioritize on a Samburu Safari?
For Big Cat Lovers & Classic Safaris – The Big Five are a must-see, offering thrilling predator sightings. For Unique Wildlife Enthusiasts & Birdwatchers – The Samburu Special Five provide an exclusive experience, as these species cannot be seen in Kenya’s southern parks. For Conservation-Focused Travelers – Seeing the Grevy’s zebra and reticulated giraffe helps raise awareness about their declining populations.
Best Option: A 4-5 day safari in Samburu allows visitors to see both the Big Five and the Special Five in different areas of the park.
Samburu Special Five Comparison Table
| Animal | Scientific Name | Key Features | Habitat in Samburu | Diet | Social Behavior | Predators | Conservation Status | Best Place to Spot in Samburu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grevy’s Zebra | Equus grevyi | Largest and rarest zebra species, narrow black-and-white stripes, large round ears. | Grasslands, acacia woodlands, and near permanent water sources like Ewaso Ng’iro River. | Grasses, can survive without water for several days. | More solitary than plains zebra, forms loose social groups. | Lions, hyenas, and occasionally cheetahs. | Endangered – About 3,000 remain, threatened by habitat loss and competition with livestock. | Near Ewaso Ng’iro River and open plains. |
| Reticulated Giraffe | Giraffa reticulata | Distinctive polygonal patchwork, taller than most giraffes, dark and well-defined markings. | Acacia woodlands, open savannah, and riverine areas along the Ewaso Ng’iro River. | Leaves, acacia twigs, and shrubs, uses long tongue to grasp leaves. | Found in small herds, mother-calf bonds are strong. | Lions, leopards, and spotted hyenas, but their height gives them a visual advantage. | Endangered – Less than 16,000 remain, declining due to habitat fragmentation. | Acacia woodlands and near riverbanks. |
| Beisa Oryx | Oryx beisa beisa | Straight, spear-like horns, black-and-white facial markings, highly adapted to dry conditions. | Semi-arid plains and dry scrublands, avoids dense vegetation. | Grass, herbs, and leaves, extracts moisture from food to survive dry conditions. | Lives in herds of 5-20 individuals, usually led by a dominant male. | Lions and hyenas, but their horns make them difficult prey. | Near Threatened – Population declining due to poaching and human expansion. | Open grasslands and dry scrublands. |
| Gerenuk | Litocranius walleri | Long neck, ability to stand on hind legs to browse on leaves, small head with large eyes. | Thornbush and scrubland, often near acacia trees for browsing. | Leaves and shoots, never drinks water—gets moisture from food. | Often seen alone or in small groups, very alert and skittish. | Leopards, cheetahs, and wild dogs, known for their agility and ability to escape. | Near Threatened – Facing habitat destruction and hunting in some regions. | Scrubland and dry thickets, often near thorny bushes. |
| Somali Ostrich | Struthio molybdophanes | Bright blue neck and legs (males), larger than common ostrich, extremely fast runner. | Open grasslands, semi-desert regions, and areas near water sources. | Herbivorous, feeds on leaves, seeds, and small plants; may eat insects occasionally. | Usually in pairs or small groups, males can be territorial during breeding. | Jackals and birds of prey target eggs and chicks; adults face little predation due to size. | Vulnerable – Threatened by habitat loss and hunting for feathers and meat. | Open plains where they can run freely. |
Most Common FAQs on the Samburu Special Five
1. Why are they called the Samburu Special Five?
The Samburu Special Five are a unique group of animals found primarily in the semi-arid regions of Northern Kenya, including Samburu National Reserve. Unlike the Big Five (which are known for being challenging to hunt), these species are rare, highly adapted to arid conditions, and not commonly seen in other major safari destinations like the Masai Mara.
2. Can I see the Samburu Special Five in the Masai Mara or Amboseli?
No, the Samburu Special Five are not found in Masai Mara or Amboseli. They are endemic to northern Kenya and are best seen in Samburu, Buffalo Springs, and Shaba National Reserves. Some can also be seen in private conservancies in Laikipia (e.g., Lewa Conservancy).
3. What is the best time of year to see the Samburu Special Five?
Best time: June – October (dry season) when animals gather around water sources. Great viewing year-round because Samburu is less affected by seasonal migrations like the Masai Mara. During the wet season (March-May, November-December), the landscape is lush, and animals are easier to spot due to reduced dust.
4. Which of the Samburu Special Five is the rarest?
The Grevy’s Zebra is the rarest of the Samburu Special Five. It is classified as endangered, with only about 3,000 individuals remaining worldwide. Samburu National Reserve is one of the last strongholds for this species.
5. Do the Samburu Special Five have any predators?
Yes! Lions, leopards, cheetahs, and hyenas hunt some of the Samburu Special Five. Predator-prey relationships:
- Grevy’s zebras and beisa oryx are hunted by lions and hyenas.
- Gerenuks and reticulated giraffes may fall prey to leopards and cheetahs.
- Somali ostriches’ eggs and chicks are vulnerable to jackals and birds of prey.
However, adult Somali ostriches and beisa oryx are difficult prey due to their speed and strength.
6. Are there any conservation programs protecting the Samburu Special Five?
Yes! Conservation groups are actively protecting these species. Key conservation programs:
- Grevy’s Zebra Trust (GZT) – Works to protect and monitor Grevy’s zebra populations.
- Samburu Conservancies & Community Wildlife Programs – Local efforts to protect wildlife from human-wildlife conflict.
- Lewa Wildlife Conservancy – A key breeding and research area for Grevy’s zebras and reticulated giraffes.
- Northern Rangelands Trust (NRT) – Supports community-based conservation in Samburu and beyond.
Visiting Samburu helps fund conservation efforts!
7. How do the Samburu Special Five survive in harsh, dry conditions?
Grevy’s Zebra – Can go several days without water and has an efficient digestive system to extract moisture from dry grass. Reticulated Giraffe – Feeds on high acacia leaves, reducing competition for food. Beisa Oryx – Can tolerate extreme heat and extract water from plants. Gerenuk – Stands on hind legs to reach leaves and never needs to drink water. Somali Ostrich – Has heat-resistant adaptations, such as bare blue skin on the neck and legs to release heat.
These adaptations make them perfectly suited to life in Northern Kenya.
8. Are the Samburu Special Five dangerous to humans?
Generally, no. The Samburu Special Five are herbivores and not aggressive toward humans. However, like all wild animals, they should be observed from a safe distance. Beisa oryx and Grevy’s zebra can defend themselves if threatened, but they prefer to flee rather than fight. Somali ostriches can be aggressive if provoked, especially males during mating season.
Always follow your safari guide’s instructions and avoid approaching animals too closely.
9. Can I see the Samburu Special Five on a walking safari?
Yes! Some lodges and conservancies offer guided walking safaris. Walking safaris are ideal for spotting gerenuks, oryx, and Grevy’s zebras. Reticulated giraffes and Somali ostriches may also be seen from a safe distance.
For safety, walking safaris are always conducted with trained rangers.
10. Which lodges and camps offer the best chance to see the Samburu Special Five?
Luxury Lodges: Saruni Samburu, Elephant Bedroom Camp, Sasaab Lodge. Mid-Range Lodges: Samburu Intrepids, Ashnil Samburu Camp. Budget Camps: Umoja Camp, Lion King Bush Camp.
All these lodges are located in prime wildlife areas with high chances of seeing the Samburu Special Five.
11. How close can I get to the Samburu Special Five for photography?
Safari vehicles can get relatively close without disturbing the animals. Grevy’s zebras and beisa oryx are more skittish and require a good zoom lens (200mm-400mm recommended). Reticulated giraffes and Somali ostriches are more tolerant of vehicles, allowing for closer shots. Gerenuks are often seen near bushes, so patient waiting can lead to great photos of them standing on their hind legs.
Golden hour (early morning or late afternoon) is best for photography.
12. How do local Samburu people view the Samburu Special Five?
The Samburu community has strong cultural connections to wildlife and sees these animals as part of their heritage. Grevy’s zebras and oryx are respected because they survive in harsh conditions like the Samburu people. Gerenuks are admired for their grace, and ostriches for their strength and speed. Many local warriors (Moran) work as conservation rangers to protect these species.
Supporting eco-tourism in Samburu directly helps local communities and conservation efforts.
13. Are there any myths or folklore about the Samburu Special Five?
In Samburu folklore, the gerenuk is sometimes called “the animal that prays” because of its habit of standing on its hind legs. Ostriches are symbols of beauty and are often represented in traditional Samburu beadwork. The oryx is believed to be a symbol of endurance because it can survive long periods without water.
A guided cultural tour with a Samburu warrior is a great way to learn more about these myths!
14. How does visiting Samburu help protect the Samburu Special Five?
Tourism revenue supports conservation programs and local communities. Many lodges donate part of their profits to wildlife protection efforts. Visitors help raise awareness about endangered species like the Grevy’s zebra. By choosing eco-friendly safaris, travelers ensure sustainable tourism benefits both people and wildlife.
Every visit to Samburu makes a difference in protecting these unique animals!
Final Thoughts on the Samburu Special Five
The Samburu Special Five are a must-see for any safari enthusiast. They can only be found in Northern Kenya, making Samburu National Reserve one of the best places in the world for unique wildlife photography. Conservation efforts are crucial to protecting these rare species, and your visit helps support their survival.