Samburu National Reserve is one of Kenya’s premier birdwatching destinations, home to an incredible diversity of 689 bird species across multiple families. Thanks to its unique mix of semi-arid savannahs, riverine forests, wetlands, and acacia woodlands, the reserve supports an impressive variety of resident and migratory birds, from mighty raptors to dazzling songbirds.
This guide provides a detailed overview of each bird family found in Samburu, including their current conservation status, ease of sighting, and the best locations within the reserve to find them.
Number of Bird Species in Each Family at Samburu National Reser
1. Ostriches (Struthionidae)
Overview:
Ostriches are the world’s largest flightless birds, known for their powerful legs, fast running speeds (up to 70 km/h), and distinct feather patterns. They are common in open plains and semi-arid areas.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Common Ostrich (Struthio camelus) – Widespread across Africa, but populations are declining.
- Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) – Endemic to northern Kenya and the Horn of Africa, with a distinctive bluish skin.
Conservation Status:
- Somali Ostrich: Vulnerable – Threatened by habitat loss and poaching.
- Common Ostrich: Least Concern, but some populations face hunting pressure.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best seen in open savannahs and arid plains, especially along the northern areas of the reserve.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Very Easy) – Ostriches are large, unmistakable, and commonly spotted in Samburu.
2. Waterfowl (Anatidae)
Overview:
Waterfowl include ducks, geese, and swans, which are often found in wetlands, rivers, and lakes. These birds are excellent swimmers and migrate seasonally in response to water availability.
Key Species in Samburu:
- White-faced Whistling-Duck (Dendrocygna viduata)
- Egyptian Goose (Alopochen aegyptiaca)
- Yellow-billed Duck (Anas undulata)
Conservation Status:
- Most species are of Least Concern, but their populations fluctuate with wetland availability.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Concentrated along the Ewaso Ng’iro River and seasonal wetlands, particularly after the rains.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate) – Waterfowl are seasonally present, with numbers increasing after rains.
3. Guineafowl (Numididae)
Overview:
Guineafowls are terrestrial, chicken-like birds that move in flocks, feeding on seeds, insects, and small reptiles. They are vocal and social.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Helmeted Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) – Common across Africa.
- Vulturine Guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) – A Samburu Speciality! Recognized by its striking blue body, featherless head, and long plumes.
Conservation Status:
- Vulturine Guineafowl: Least Concern, but habitat fragmentation poses a risk.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best spotted in acacia woodlands and dry bushland. Vulturine Guineafowl are often seen near the reserve entrance and along game drive routes.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – Guineafowls move in large, noisy groups, making them fairly easy to locate.
4. Sandgrouse (Pteroclidae)
Overview:
Sandgrouse are desert-adapted birds that carry water in their belly feathers to provide hydration for their chicks.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocles exustus)
- Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis)
- Black-faced Sandgrouse (Pterocles decoratus)
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but their populations fluctuate with drought cycles.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best seen in open plains and near waterholes
4. Pigeons & Doves (Columbidae)
Overview:
Pigeons and doves are plump-bodied birds with short legs and small heads. They are widely distributed across Samburu, favoring woodlands, grasslands, and human settlements. Doves are known for their soft, melodic cooing, while pigeons are often seen in flocks, especially near water sources.
Ecological Role:
- Seed Dispersers – Many species feed on seeds and fruits, playing a key role in forest regeneration.
- Prey Species – They provide an important food source for raptors such as falcons and hawks.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Speckled Pigeon (Columba guinea) – A large, reddish-eyed pigeon often seen on rocky outcrops and cliffs.
- Laughing Dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) – Named for its soft, chuckling call, this species is common in open woodlands.
- Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove (Turtur chalcospilos) – A small, elusive dove with iridescent green wing spots, found in dense vegetation.
- Namaqua Dove (Oena capensis) – A desert-adapted species with a long tail and black face (males), often seen walking along dry riverbeds.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but habitat degradation and hunting for food impact some local populations.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Speckled Pigeons: Rocky hills and cliffs.
- Laughing Doves: Acacia woodlands and lodge gardens.
- Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove: Thick riverine forests and bushy undergrowth.
- Namaqua Doves: Dry scrubland and riverbeds, often foraging on the ground.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy to Moderate) – Pigeons are widespread and active, but Namaqua and Emerald-spotted doves require careful observation.
5. Sandgrouse (Pteroclidae)
Overview:
Sandgrouse are desert-adapted birds that resemble a mix between pigeons and game birds. They are famous for their ability to transport water in their belly feathers, allowing them to carry water over long distances to their chicks.
Adaptations for Survival:
- Dense feathering on the belly helps them absorb water, which they transport to their chicks.
- Cryptic plumage provides excellent camouflage against the sandy terrain.
- Strong wings enable them to fly long distances to reach water sources.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse (Pterocles exustus) – The most common species, with a chestnut belly and sandy brown upperparts.
- Yellow-throated Sandgrouse (Pterocles gutturalis) – Identified by its bright yellow throat patch, often found in pairs or small groups.
- Black-faced Sandgrouse (Pterocles decoratus) – A smaller, strikingly marked species, known for its black face mask and white wing markings.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but reliant on seasonal water sources.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best spotted in open semi-arid landscapes and near waterholes during the early morning or late afternoon, when they come to drink.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Easy) – Sandgrouse are best seen at dawn when they visit water sources.
6. Bustards (Otididae)
Overview:
Bustards are large, ground-dwelling birds that walk rather than fly, relying on their cryptic plumage to blend into the grasslands. They are known for their slow, deliberate movements and, in some species, spectacular courtship displays, where males inflate their throats and leap into the air.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Kori Bustard (Ardeotis kori) – The world’s heaviest flying bird, reaching up to 19 kg. Males perform an elaborate puffed-up courtship display.
- Denham’s Bustard (Neotis denhami) – A tall, long-legged species, often seen walking through open savannah.
- Buff-crested Bustard (Lophotis gindiana) – Smaller and more secretive, often found in scrubby grasslands and bush.
Conservation Status:
- Kori Bustard: Near Threatened, affected by hunting and habitat loss.
- Denham’s & Buff-crested Bustards: Least Concern, but habitat destruction remains a long-term threat.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Kori Bustards: Often seen in short-grass plains and open savannah.
- Denham’s Bustards: Prefers taller grasses and transitional habitats.
- Buff-crested Bustards: Found in shrubby, dry bushland, often alone or in pairs.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Easy) – Bustards move slowly and deliberately, making them relatively easy to observe.
7. Cuckoos (Cuculidae)
Overview:
Cuckoos are secretive, slender-bodied birds, often heard before they are seen. Many species are brood parasites, meaning they lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, leaving them to raise the cuckoo chicks.
Notable Behaviors:
- Brood parasitism – Some cuckoos trick smaller birds into raising their young by laying eggs in their nests.
- Mimicry – Some species imitate the calls of their host species to avoid detection.
- Stealthy movement – Cuckoos are often well-camouflaged and difficult to spot in dense foliage.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Senegal Coucal (Centropus senegalensis) – A large, ground-dwelling cuckoo, often seen foraging in thick bushes.
- Great Spotted Cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) – A brood parasite that targets crows and starlings as host parents.
- African Emerald Cuckoo (Chrysococcyx cupreus) – A beautiful green cuckoo, usually found in riverine forests.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but dependent on healthy forest and shrub habitats.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Senegal Coucals: Found in thick riverine vegetation and bushland.
- Great Spotted Cuckoos: Occasionally seen flying between trees in open woodlands.
- African Emerald Cuckoo: More difficult to spot, but heard calling from dense foliage.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Difficult) – Some cuckoos, like coucal species, are easier to spot, while others remain hidden in the canopy.
7. Hornbills (Bucerotidae)
Overview:
Hornbills are medium to large-sized birds with distinctive down-curved beaks and often large casques (helmet-like structures) on their bills. They are essential to seed dispersal, helping maintain Samburu’s ecosystem.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Von der Decken’s Hornbill (Tockus deckeni) – A common species with a red and ivory bill, often seen hopping on the ground.
- Silvery-cheeked Hornbill (Bycanistes brevis) – A larger species found in riverine forests, with a prominent casque.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, though habitat loss is reducing their numbers in some areas.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Von der Decken’s Hornbill: Common in dry woodlands and open savannah.
- Silvery-cheeked Hornbill: Prefers dense riverine forests, especially near the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – These birds are fairly common and often vocal, making them easy to spot.
8. Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
Overview:
Kingfishers are small to medium-sized birds with bright plumage and long, pointed bills. While some species hunt fish, others feed on insects and small vertebrates.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Malachite Kingfisher (Corythornis cristatus) – A tiny, brilliantly colored species found along rivers.
- Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) – Often seen hovering above water before diving for fish.
- Woodland Kingfisher (Halcyon senegalensis) – A terrestrial kingfisher that hunts insects instead of fish.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, though declining river quality affects populations.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Pied & Malachite Kingfishers: Along the Ewaso Ng’iro River and seasonal wetlands.
- Woodland Kingfisher: Found perching in acacia trees near open clearings.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy to Moderate) – Pied Kingfishers are very common, but Malachite Kingfishers require more patience to spot.
9. Bee-eaters (Meropidae)
Overview:
Bee-eaters are slender, colorful birds that catch flying insects in midair, including bees and wasps. They are highly social and often seen perching on branches in small groups.
Key Species in Samburu:
- White-throated Bee-eater (Merops albicollis) – A migratory species, seen during certain months.
- Northern Carmine Bee-eater (Merops nubicus) – One of Africa’s most striking bee-eaters, with a deep red body and turquoise throat.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but dependent on healthy insect populations.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best spotted in open woodlands and riverbanks, where they nest in burrows.
- Common near termite mounds, where they feed on emerging insects.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – These birds often gather in groups, making them easy to locate.
10. Rollers (Coraciidae)
Overview:
Rollers are medium-sized birds with brightly colored plumage and aerial acrobatics during courtship displays.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Lilac-breasted Roller (Coracias caudatus) – The national bird of Kenya, famous for its stunning plumage.
- Abyssinian Roller (Coracias abyssinicus) – Slightly larger, with more pronounced tail streamers.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but deforestation affects some species.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Common in open savannah and acacia woodlands.
- Often seen perching on tree branches along game drive routes.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Very Easy) – Lilac-breasted Rollers are widespread and unmistakable.
11. Sunbirds (Nectariniidae)
Overview:
Sunbirds are small, nectar-feeding birds with iridescent plumage. They are often compared to hummingbirds, though they are not closely related.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Scarlet-chested Sunbird (Chalcomitra senegalensis) – A brilliant red-breasted species.
- Marico Sunbird (Cinnyris mariquensis) – Found in acacia-dominated landscapes.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but habitat destruction impacts populations.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best spotted in flowering trees and shrubs, particularly around acacia woodlands.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate) – Small size makes them tricky to locate, but their bright colors help.
12. Starlings (Sturnidae)
Overview:
Starlings are highly social, intelligent birds with metallic plumage and a talent for mimicking sounds.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Superb Starling (Lamprotornis superbus) – Easily recognizable with blue, orange, and white plumage.
- Golden-breasted Starling (Lamprotornis regius) – One of Africa’s most beautiful starlings.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, thriving in diverse habitats.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Widespread across the reserve, especially near lodges and picnic sites, where they scavenge for food.
12. Storks (Ciconiidae)
Overview:
Storks are large, long-legged wading birds that inhabit wetlands, riverbanks, and open savannahs. They are known for their slow, soaring flight, long, sturdy bills, and their lack of vocal cords, meaning they mostly communicate through bill clattering.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Saddle-billed Stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis) – A striking black and white stork with a yellow saddle-shaped marking on its bill.
- Marabou Stork (Leptoptilos crumenifer) – A large scavenger, often seen near carcasses alongside vultures.
Conservation Status:
- Saddle-billed Stork: Least Concern, but populations are declining due to wetland destruction.
- Marabou Stork: Least Concern, though it relies on healthy scavenger ecosystems.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Saddle-billed Storks: Found along the Ewaso Ng’iro River and seasonal wetlands.
- Marabou Storks: Often seen near carcasses, sharing meals with vultures.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Easy) – These large birds are relatively easy to spot, especially around wetlands and feeding sites.
13. Raptors (Accipitridae & Falconidae)
Overview:
Raptors, or birds of prey, include eagles, hawks, falcons, and vultures. They play a critical role in maintaining the ecosystem by controlling prey populations and removing carcasses.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus) – One of Africa’s largest eagles, capable of hunting medium-sized mammals like dik-diks.
- Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) – A colorful, short-tailed eagle known for its rocking flight pattern.
- Lappet-faced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotos) – One of the largest vultures, playing a crucial role in scavenging and ecosystem balance.
Conservation Status:
- Martial Eagle: Endangered, with populations declining due to habitat loss and poisoning.
- Bateleur: Endangered, affected by pesticide poisoning and hunting.
- Lappet-faced Vulture: Endangered, suffering from rapid population declines due to poisoning and persecution.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Martial Eagles: Perched on tall acacia trees or soaring over savannahs.
- Bateleurs: Frequently seen gliding overhead in search of carrion.
- Lappet-faced Vultures: Found near carcass sites, often competing with hyenas and Marabou Storks.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy to Moderate) – Best seen soaring above open areas or perching on tall trees.
14. Hornbills (Bucerotidae)
Overview:
Hornbills are large-beaked birds known for their unique nesting behavior, where the female is sealed inside a tree cavity during incubation. They play a crucial role in seed dispersal, helping maintain healthy forest ecosystems.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Von der Decken’s Hornbill (Tockus deckeni) – A small, red-billed species, common in dry savannahs.
- Silvery-cheeked Hornbill (Bycanistes brevis) – A larger forest hornbill with a massive casque on its bill.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but deforestation is a growing threat.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Von der Decken’s Hornbills: Seen perching on trees in open savannah.
- Silvery-cheeked Hornbills: Restricted to riverine forests along the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – Highly vocal and active, making them easy to locate.
15. Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)
Overview:
Kingfishers are brightly colored birds with powerful beaks, often associated with water bodies, although some species are terrestrial.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Malachite Kingfisher (Corythornis cristatus) – A tiny, jewel-like bird seen perching over water.
- Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) – A black-and-white kingfisher, known for its hovering hunting technique.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but wetland degradation poses a threat.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Malachite Kingfisher: Along slow-moving sections of the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
- Pied Kingfisher: Common near fast-flowing rivers and pools.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Easy) – Pied Kingfishers are more visible than Malachite Kingfishers.
16. Bee-eaters (Meropidae)
Overview:
Bee-eaters are slender, colorful birds that catch insects in flight. They are social birds, often nesting in colonies along riverbanks.
Key Species in Samburu:
- White-throated Bee-eater (Merops albicollis) – A migratory species, arriving seasonally.
- Northern Carmine Bee-eater (Merops nubicus) – Bright red with turquoise wings, often seen perching in groups.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, though pesticide use impacts populations.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Common along riverbanks and termite mounds, especially during migration.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – Frequently seen hawking insects in open areas.
17. Rollers (Coraciidae)
Overview:
Rollers are medium-sized birds known for their aerial acrobatics and striking colors.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Lilac-breasted Roller (Coracias caudatus) – One of Kenya’s most photographed birds.
- Abyssinian Roller (Coracias abyssinicus) – Larger, with elongated tail streamers.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but deforestation threatens some species.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Perching on treetops along game drive routes.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Very Easy) – Highly visible and vibrant.
18. Sunbirds (Nectariniidae)
Overview:
Sunbirds are small, iridescent nectar-feeding birds, often compared to hummingbirds due to their hovering ability while feeding. Unlike hummingbirds, they perch to feed and have curved bills suited for extracting nectar from flowers. Some species also supplement their diet with small insects and spiders.
Ecological Role:
Sunbirds are important pollinators in African ecosystems, as they feed on nectar from flowering trees, shrubs, and succulents.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Scarlet-chested Sunbird (Chalcomitra senegalensis) – A stunning black and red sunbird, commonly seen in woodlands and flowering bushes.
- Marico Sunbird (Cinnyris mariquensis) – A metallic green and purple bird, often found in acacia woodlands.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but dependent on healthy plant life for nectar availability.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Best spotted in flowering trees, shrubs, and aloe plants during the blooming season.
- Look near the Ewaso Ng’iro River, where acacia trees flower seasonally.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐ (Moderate to Easy) – They are small and fast-moving, requiring patience to observe.
19. Weavers & Bishops (Ploceidae)
Overview:
Weavers and bishops are small, social birds known for their elaborate woven nests, usually suspended from tree branches or built over water for protection from predators.
Nesting Behavior:
- Male weavers construct intricate nests to attract females. If a female rejects the nest, the male dismantles it and starts over.
- Weavers often form large nesting colonies, with multiple nests hanging from the same tree.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Speke’s Weaver (Ploceus spekei) – Found in wetlands and riverine vegetation, easily identified by its yellow body and black mask.
- Village Weaver (Ploceus cucullatus) – One of the most widespread weavers in Africa, forming large nesting colonies in trees.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but populations fluctuate based on breeding conditions and water availability.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Look for large hanging nests in acacia trees, especially near the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
- During the breeding season (wet months), weavers are most active and visible.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Easy) – Their large nesting colonies and bright colors make them easy to locate.
20. Starlings (Sturnidae)
Overview:
Starlings are highly intelligent, social birds with iridescent plumage and a talent for mimicking sounds. They are vocal and aggressive when foraging, often seen in small flocks near human settlements.
Behavioral Traits:
- Starlings are opportunistic feeders, consuming insects, fruits, and grains.
- They roost communally, sometimes in large numbers.
- Some species, like the Superb Starling, show cooperative breeding, where multiple birds help raise young.
Key Species in Samburu:
- Superb Starling (Lamprotornis superbus) – One of the most recognizable birds in Kenya, with metallic blue, orange, and white plumage.
- Golden-breasted Starling (Lamprotornis regius) – A stunning bird with bright golden underparts, often found in semi-arid areas.
Conservation Status:
- Least Concern, but some species are affected by habitat changes and invasive species.
Where to See Them in Samburu:
- Common near lodges, picnic areas, and open savannahs.
- Superb Starlings are often seen hopping on the ground, searching for food scraps.
- Golden-breasted Starlings prefer drier, less disturbed areas.
Ease of Sighting:
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ (Very Easy) – They are highly conspicuous, active, and often near human activity.
Samburu Birds List:
Samburu Birds List
| Bird Family | Species |
|---|---|
| Ostriches (Struthionidae) | Common Ostrich |
| Somali Ostrich | |
| Waterfowl (Anatidae) | White-faced Whistling-Duck |
| Fulvous Whistling-Duck | |
| Egyptian Goose | |
| Spur-winged Goose | |
| Yellow-billed Duck | |
| Red-billed Teal | |
| Hottentot Teal | |
| Southern Pochard | |
| Knob-billed Duck | |
| Maccoa Duck | |
| Guineafowl (Numididae) | Helmeted Guineafowl |
| Vulturine Guineafowl | |
| Eastern Crested Guineafowl | |
| Pigeons & Doves (Columbidae) | Speckled Pigeon |
| Laughing Dove | |
| Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove | |
| Namaqua Dove | |
| African Mourning Dove | |
| Dusky Turtle Dove | |
| Ring-necked Dove | |
| Sandgrouse (Pteroclidae) | Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse |
| Yellow-throated Sandgrouse | |
| Black-faced Sandgrouse | |
| Bustards (Otididae) | Kori Bustard |
| Denham’s Bustard | |
| Buff-crested Bustard | |
| White-bellied Bustard | |
| Cuckoos (Cuculidae) | Senegal Coucal |
| Great Spotted Cuckoo | |
| African Emerald Cuckoo | |
| Diederik Cuckoo | |
| Jacobin Cuckoo | |
| Nightjars (Caprimulgidae) | Slender-tailed Nightjar |
| Donaldson-Smith’s Nightjar | |
| Pennant-winged Nightjar | |
| Mozambique Nightjar | |
| Swifts (Apodidae) | Common Swift |
| Little Swift | |
| African Palm Swift | |
| Cranes & Rails (Rallidae & Gruidae) | Black Crake |
| Gray Crowned-Crane | |
| African Rail | |
| Lesser Moorhen | |
| Shorebirds (Charadriidae & Scolopacidae) | Black-winged Stilt |
| Common Greenshank | |
| African Jacana | |
| Three-banded Plover | |
| Spotted Thick-knee | |
| Greater Painted-Snipe | |
| Wood Sandpiper | |
| Ruff | |
| Storks (Ciconiidae) | Saddle-billed Stork |
| Marabou Stork | |
| Yellow-billed Stork | |
| Woolly-necked Stork | |
| Black Stork | |
| Raptors (Accipitridae & Falconidae) | Martial Eagle |
| Bateleur | |
| Lappet-faced Vulture | |
| White-backed Vulture | |
| Rüppell’s Vulture | |
| African Fish Eagle | |
| Tawny Eagle | |
| Long-crested Eagle | |
| Augur Buzzard | |
| African Harrier-Hawk | |
| Peregrine Falcon | |
| Lanner Falcon | |
| Gabar Goshawk | |
| Dark Chanting Goshawk | |
| Shikra | |
| Hornbills (Bucerotidae) | Von der Decken’s Hornbill |
| Silvery-cheeked Hornbill | |
| Red-billed Hornbill | |
| Eastern Yellow-billed Hornbill | |
| Kingfishers (Alcedinidae) | Malachite Kingfisher |
| Pied Kingfisher | |
| Woodland Kingfisher | |
| Striped Kingfisher | |
| Giant Kingfisher | |
| Gray-headed Kingfisher | |
| Bee-eaters (Meropidae) | White-throated Bee-eater |
| Northern Carmine Bee-eater | |
| Little Bee-eater | |
| Blue-cheeked Bee-eater | |
| European Bee-eater | |
| Rollers (Coraciidae) | Lilac-breasted Roller |
| Abyssinian Roller | |
| Broad-billed Roller | |
| Rufous-crowned Roller | |
| Sunbirds (Nectariniidae) | Scarlet-chested Sunbird |
| Marico Sunbird | |
| Variable Sunbird | |
| Hunter’s Sunbird | |
| Golden-winged Sunbird | |
| Amethyst Sunbird | |
| Weavers & Bishops (Ploceidae) | Speke’s Weaver |
| Village Weaver | |
| Baglafecht Weaver | |
| Black-headed Weaver | |
| Golden Palm Weaver | |
| Red-billed Quelea | |
| Southern Red Bishop | |
| Yellow-crowned Bishop | |
| White-winged Widowbird | |
| Starlings (Sturnidae) | Superb Starling |
| Golden-breasted Starling | |
| Greater Blue-eared Starling | |
| Rüppell’s Starling | |
| Wattled Starling | |
| Violet-backed Starling | |
| Red-winged Starling |
| Bird Family | Species |
|---|---|
| Cisticolas & Allies (Cisticolidae) | Rattling Cisticola |
| Winding Cisticola | |
| Ashy Cisticola | |
| Croaking Cisticola | |
| Tiny Cisticola | |
| Pectoral-patch Cisticola | |
| Larks (Alaudidae) | Red-capped Lark |
| Fischer’s Sparrow-Lark | |
| Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark | |
| Pink-breasted Lark | |
| Singing Bush Lark | |
| Babblers (Leiothrichidae) | Northern Pied Babbler |
| Arrow-marked Babbler | |
| Rufous Chatterer | |
| White-eyes (Zosteropidae) | Abyssinian White-eye |
| Northern Yellow White-eye | |
| Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae) | Common Bulbul |
| Dodson’s Bulbul | |
| Somali Bulbul | |
| Swallows & Martins (Hirundinidae) | Wire-tailed Swallow |
| Red-rumped Swallow | |
| Rock Martin | |
| Barn Swallow | |
| Mosque Swallow | |
| Lesser Striped Swallow | |
| Drongos (Dicruridae) | Fork-tailed Drongo |
| Shrikes (Laniidae) | Long-tailed Fiscal |
| Taita Fiscal | |
| Common Fiscal | |
| Bush-Shrikes (Malaconotidae) | Brubru |
| Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike | |
| Black-crowned Tchagra | |
| Three-streaked Tchagra | |
| Helmetshrikes & Woodshrikes (Prionopidae & Tephrodornithidae) | White-crested Helmetshrike |
| Flycatchers (Muscicapidae) | African Gray Flycatcher |
| Pale Flycatcher | |
| Spotted Flycatcher | |
| African Paradise Flycatcher | |
| Wagtails & Pipits (Motacillidae) | African Pied Wagtail |
| Yellow Wagtail | |
| White Wagtail | |
| African Pipit | |
| Long-billed Pipit | |
| Thrushes & Chats (Turdidae & Muscicapidae) | Abyssinian Thrush |
| Northern Wheatear | |
| Isabelline Wheatear | |
| Capped Wheatear | |
| White-browed Robin-Chat | |
| Warblers (Acrocephalidae & Phylloscopidae) | Reed Warbler |
| Sedge Warbler | |
| Willow Warbler | |
| Lesser Swamp Warbler | |
| Eastern Olivaceous Warbler | |
| Buntings (Emberizidae) | Golden-breasted Bunting |
| Cinnamon-breasted Bunting | |
| Finches & Canaries (Fringillidae & Estrildidae) | Yellow-fronted Canary |
| White-bellied Canary | |
| African Silverbill | |
| Green-winged Pytilia | |
| Purple Grenadier | |
| Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu | |
| Black-cheeked Waxbill | |
| Indigobirds & Whydahs (Viduidae) | Pin-tailed Whydah |
| Steel-blue Whydah | |
| Crows & Ravens (Corvidae) | Pied Crow |
| White-necked Raven |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Birds of Samburu National Reserve
1. What makes Samburu National Reserve unique for birdwatching compared to other Kenyan parks?
Samburu National Reserve stands out for its semi-arid environment, which supports specialized dryland birds not commonly found in wetter areas like Maasai Mara or Amboseli. Some of these include the Vulturine Guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum), Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes), and Golden-breasted Starling (Lamprotornis regius).** Additionally, the Ewaso Ng’iro River attracts water-associated birds, making Samburu a rich mix of dryland, woodland, and aquatic bird species.
2. What is the best season for birdwatching in Samburu National Reserve?
The best birdwatching season in Samburu is from October to April, during the arrival of Palearctic migratory birds from Europe and Asia. However, resident species like hornbills, raptors, and weavers can be seen year-round. The wet season (March-May & November-December) brings out breeding plumages and increased bird activity, while the dry season (June-October & January-February) is excellent for spotting raptors and waterbirds near shrinking water sources.
3. Are there any endemic or near-endemic bird species in Samburu National Reserve?
While Samburu does not have any strictly endemic birds, it is home to several near-endemic and range-restricted species found primarily in northern Kenya and the Horn of Africa. Some notable ones include:
- Somali Ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) – Found only in northern Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia.
- Golden-breasted Starling (Lamprotornis regius) – Restricted to semi-arid areas of East Africa.
- White-headed Mousebird (Colius leucocephalus) – A specialist species of the drylands.
- Donaldson-Smith’s Nightjar (Caprimulgus donaldsoni) – Rarely found outside northern Kenya and Somalia.
4. Which birds in Samburu are known for their interesting behaviors?
Several birds in Samburu exhibit unique and fascinating behaviors, including:
- Vulturine Guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) – Forms tight-knit groups and is known for rapid ground movement instead of flying.
- Sandgrouse (Pteroclidae) – Males carry water in their belly feathers back to their chicks.
- Bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) – Known for its rocking flight pattern due to its short tail.
- Weavers (Ploceidae) – Males build intricate woven nests to attract females, who inspect and reject nests they dislike.
- Hornbills (Bucerotidae) – Females seal themselves inside tree cavities during nesting, leaving only a small opening for the male to pass food through.
5. Can I see flamingos in Samburu National Reserve?
No, flamingos are not commonly found in Samburu, as they prefer alkaline lakes such as Lake Nakuru, Lake Bogoria, and Lake Magadi. However, visitors can still see a variety of waterbirds along the Ewaso Ng’iro River, including herons, egrets, and kingfishers.
6. What are some of the rarest birds one can see in Samburu?
While Samburu is rich in birdlife, some birds are challenging to spot due to their elusiveness or low population density. These include:
- Donaldson-Smith’s Nightjar (Caprimulgus donaldsoni) – A cryptic, nocturnal bird.
- African Finfoot (Podica senegalensis) – Occasionally seen along the Ewaso Ng’iro River.
- Somali Courser (Cursorius somalensis) – A scarce dryland species.
- African Pygmy Falcon (Polihierax semitorquatus) – A tiny raptor often found near weaver bird colonies.
- Abyssinian Scimitarbill (Rhinopomastus minor) – A rarely seen tree-dwelling hornbill relative.
7. Are there any nocturnal birds in Samburu?
Yes! Samburu is home to several nocturnal birds, best seen during night game drives or early mornings.
- Nightjars (Caprimulgidae) – Slender-tailed Nightjar, Pennant-winged Nightjar, and Mozambique Nightjar.
- Owls (Strigidae & Tytonidae) – African Scops Owl, Verreaux’s Eagle Owl, and Barn Owl.
- Coursers (Glareolidae) – The elusive Somali Courser, occasionally seen at dusk.
8. What type of equipment should I bring for birdwatching in Samburu?
To make the most of birdwatching in Samburu, it is recommended to bring:
✅ Binoculars – A minimum of 8x or 10x magnification for clear sightings.
✅ Camera with a telephoto lens – A 300mm or longer lens is ideal for bird photography.
✅ Bird identification book – The “Field Guide to the Birds of East Africa” is highly recommended.
✅ Notebook or Birding App – To record sightings and behaviors.
✅ Neutral-colored clothing – Avoid bright colors that might startle birds.
9. Can I go birdwatching on foot in Samburu?
Yes! While most safaris in Samburu are done by vehicle, guided bush walks are available in specific areas of the reserve. These walks are led by experienced guides and offer a chance to see ground birds like sandgrouse, bustards, and spurfowl up close. Some lodges and camps near Samburu also offer birding-focused walking safaris.
10. Are there any conservation concerns affecting birds in Samburu?
Yes, like many wildlife-rich areas, birds in Samburu face several conservation threats, including:
🔴 Habitat Destruction – Expansion of human settlements, agriculture, and overgrazing affects forest and wetland birds.
🔴 Climate Change – Increasing droughts and temperature fluctuations impact food availability and breeding cycles.
🔴 Poisoning & Human-Wildlife Conflict – Raptors and vultures sometimes fall victim to poisoning intended for predators like lions and hyenas.
🔴 Disturbance from Tourism – Some nesting birds are affected by excessive human activity near key habitats.
Conservation efforts, including anti-poisoning campaigns, community awareness, and habitat restoration, are helping protect bird populations in Samburu.
Final Thoughts
Samburu National Reserve is a birdwatcher’s paradise, offering opportunities to observe colorful, rare, and endemic species in one of Kenya’s most breathtaking landscapes.
Best Birding Locations in Samburu:
📍 Ewaso Ng’iro River – Kingfishers, sunbirds, weavers, and herons.
📍 Open Savannahs – Raptors, rollers, bustards, and ostriches.
📍 Acacia Woodlands – Hornbills, bee-eaters, and starlings.
📍 Rocky Outcrops & Hills – Raptors, swifts, and nightjars.
Best Time for Birdwatching:
🕊️ October – April: Peak migration season, with Palearctic migrants joining resident species.
🕊️ June – September: Great for seeing breeding behaviors of weavers, sunbirds, and rollers.
Recommended Gear for Birdwatching:
✅ Binoculars (8x or 10x magnification)
✅ Field Guide to East African Birds
✅ Camera with a telephoto lens (300mm+)
✅ Notebook for recording sightings
✅ Safari hat & sunscreen for sun protection
Why Samburu is a Top Birding Destination in Kenya
✔️ Over 689 species recorded – One of the highest bird diversities in Kenya!
✔️ Rare arid-region birds – See species not commonly found in the Maasai Mara or Amboseli.
✔️ Diverse habitats – Riverine forests, savannahs, rocky outcrops, and wetlands.
✔️ Excellent for both novice and expert birdwatchers – Easy-to-see species like starlings and weavers, plus challenging sightings of nocturnal birds and raptors.
Plan Your Birding Safari in Samburu Today! 🦜
Whether you’re a serious birder looking for lifers or a casual nature lover, Samburu National Reserve offers some of Kenya’s best birdwatching experiences. With the right timing, patience, and a knowledgeable guide, you’ll have the opportunity to see some of Africa’s most incredible birds in their natural habitat.